if you havent gathered by now, im sick of wine class. unorganized mess.
germany is the northernmost country making fine wines. it lays on the 50th parallel blah blah theyre totally fucked.
labeling laws 85% vintage 85% grape
Sunday, May 9, 2010
Sunday, May 2, 2010
New Zealand
long time crap. now they make benchmark sauv blanc
Certified Origin was created in 1996 but it has nothing to say about grapes etc
varietal must contain 85%
vintage must contain 95%
source must contain 80%
New Zealand is made up of two islands, North and South, and 10 wine regions, of which Gisborne, Hawkes Bay, and Marlborough are most important.
North Island
Hawkes bay is one of the oldest and best, on the eastern shore of the North Island, it gets the greatest number of hours of sunshine in the country
Variety of gravel soils, glacial and aluvial, Notably Gimlet Gravel from Gimlet road
Gisborne is on the most easternly tip. and produces the best Chardonnay. it replanted in the mid 80's after phylloxera with classic varietals, more than half chard
north island also produces chard and merlot, and some bigger sauv blanc that does well with oak
South Island is where the sauv blanc comes from
Marlborough is a broad flat valley with free draining gravel soils. there are few reds planted, and the region is renowned for its world class sauv blanc
Central Otago is a new upcoming area, very far south, away from the sea, hillside plantings
mostly Pinot Noir
Certified Origin was created in 1996 but it has nothing to say about grapes etc
varietal must contain 85%
vintage must contain 95%
source must contain 80%
New Zealand is made up of two islands, North and South, and 10 wine regions, of which Gisborne, Hawkes Bay, and Marlborough are most important.
North Island
Hawkes bay is one of the oldest and best, on the eastern shore of the North Island, it gets the greatest number of hours of sunshine in the country
Variety of gravel soils, glacial and aluvial, Notably Gimlet Gravel from Gimlet road
Gisborne is on the most easternly tip. and produces the best Chardonnay. it replanted in the mid 80's after phylloxera with classic varietals, more than half chard
north island also produces chard and merlot, and some bigger sauv blanc that does well with oak
South Island is where the sauv blanc comes from
Marlborough is a broad flat valley with free draining gravel soils. there are few reds planted, and the region is renowned for its world class sauv blanc
Central Otago is a new upcoming area, very far south, away from the sea, hillside plantings
mostly Pinot Noir
Australian regions
australia produces wine in 4 of its 6 states
best known, largest volume producer
chardonnay, cab sauv
swan river
one of the warmest and wettest. bulk sweet wine.
great southern
scattered collection of vineyards
reisling, shiraz, cab sauv-merlot blends
geographe
chardonnay and shiraz
Southern Australia
coonwarra one of the great regions
one of the southernmost, lowest degree days in Australia
slow ripening, frost hazards.
two main soils, black and red
Terra Rossa is the most important, rich red loam with limestone subsoil
Cabernet Sauv, and Shiraz
barossa valley
hillside plantings are best
hot and arid
most are fermented and aged in American oak
eden valley
long considered part of barossa, eden valley is quite different
stonier and more exposed
germanic reislings and
shiraz (the hill of grace)
mclaren vale
mesoclimate
beefy reds, shiraz and cab s
closer to ocean, chard and sauv blanc
clare valley
northernmost region in southern australia
hot and dry. irrigation needed
reisling and shiraz
langhorne creek
flat and warm
soft and ripe and most relaxed wines
long used as blending in the rest of the country
adelaide hills
easy drinking wines
sauv, chard, cab sauv, merlot, shirz
lots of olive groves
winemakers from all over the country source fruit here
kangaroo island
new region, elegant and cool
merlot and cab sauv
New South Wales
hunter valley
not an ideal place to grow grapes, but it is close to sydney. most northernly of australian regions. it is subtropical, with wildly varying vintages
shiraz is the classic red
chardonnay and semillon
mudgee
on the great dividing range, cool climate chard and cab s
very rich dense shiraz called mudgee mud
orange
high altitude volcanic soil on Mt Canobolas
sauv blanc, reisling, pinot noir
canberra
low yield old vine shiraz and viognier (like cote roti)
and some delicate pinot noirs
Victoria
north east
includes rutherglen, king valley, and glenrowan
produces sweet wines from moscatal and tokay
goulborn valley
extreme climate, hot summers, cold winters
grampians
formerly known as Great Western
one of the great sparkling wine regions
yarra valley
up and coming region with high standards
Western Australia
margret riverbest known, largest volume producer
chardonnay, cab sauv
swan river
one of the warmest and wettest. bulk sweet wine.
great southern
scattered collection of vineyards
reisling, shiraz, cab sauv-merlot blends
geographe
chardonnay and shiraz
Southern Australia
coonwarra one of the great regions
one of the southernmost, lowest degree days in Australia
slow ripening, frost hazards.
two main soils, black and red
Terra Rossa is the most important, rich red loam with limestone subsoil
Cabernet Sauv, and Shiraz
barossa valley
hillside plantings are best
hot and arid
most are fermented and aged in American oak
eden valley
long considered part of barossa, eden valley is quite different
stonier and more exposed
germanic reislings and
shiraz (the hill of grace)
mclaren vale
mesoclimate
beefy reds, shiraz and cab s
closer to ocean, chard and sauv blanc
clare valley
northernmost region in southern australia
hot and dry. irrigation needed
reisling and shiraz
langhorne creek
flat and warm
soft and ripe and most relaxed wines
long used as blending in the rest of the country
adelaide hills
easy drinking wines
sauv, chard, cab sauv, merlot, shirz
lots of olive groves
winemakers from all over the country source fruit here
kangaroo island
new region, elegant and cool
merlot and cab sauv
New South Wales
hunter valley
not an ideal place to grow grapes, but it is close to sydney. most northernly of australian regions. it is subtropical, with wildly varying vintages
shiraz is the classic red
chardonnay and semillon
mudgee
on the great dividing range, cool climate chard and cab s
very rich dense shiraz called mudgee mud
orange
high altitude volcanic soil on Mt Canobolas
sauv blanc, reisling, pinot noir
canberra
low yield old vine shiraz and viognier (like cote roti)
and some delicate pinot noirs
Victoria
north east
includes rutherglen, king valley, and glenrowan
produces sweet wines from moscatal and tokay
goulborn valley
extreme climate, hot summers, cold winters
grampians
formerly known as Great Western
one of the great sparkling wine regions
yarra valley
up and coming region with high standards
australia (sucks)
australias wine history began in 1788 were brought with settling convicts. jesus. good start.
most of their history it was sugar, high ABV fortified crap with little or no acid
wines can be blended with any other regions, there are almost zero laws.
Geographic Indicators or GI are basically named regions or sites. these pertain to place only and have no resonance on quality, rules, or anything else
to be labeled with a GI wines must be at least
80% of the stated source. Varieties must be listed in descending order, and it must be at least
85% to be labeled as a varietal.
Vintage must be 95%
most of their history it was sugar, high ABV fortified crap with little or no acid
wines can be blended with any other regions, there are almost zero laws.
Geographic Indicators or GI are basically named regions or sites. these pertain to place only and have no resonance on quality, rules, or anything else
to be labeled with a GI wines must be at least
80% of the stated source. Varieties must be listed in descending order, and it must be at least
85% to be labeled as a varietal.
Vintage must be 95%
Sunday, April 25, 2010
20 italian wine regions
Abruzzo - montelpulciano abruzzo
Aosta Valley - western alps along the french border
Apulia - the heel of the boot
Basilicata - instep
Calabria - toe of the boot
Campania - shin
Emilia -Romagna - north, around Bologna
Friuli - Venezia Giulia - friulano
Latium - surrounding Roma
Liguria - north coast, french side
Lombardy - central alps
Marches - adriatic side
Molise - lower adriatic
Piedmont - asti, barbera, barbaresco. No IGT
Sardinia - island
Sicily - island
Trentino - Alto Adige -eastern alps
Tuscany - where grapes preceeded mankind. Chianti, Brunello di Montalcino
Umbria - central
Veneto - Soave, Valpolicella
Aosta Valley - western alps along the french border
Apulia - the heel of the boot
Basilicata - instep
Calabria - toe of the boot
Campania - shin
Emilia -Romagna - north, around Bologna
Friuli - Venezia Giulia - friulano
Latium - surrounding Roma
Liguria - north coast, french side
Lombardy - central alps
Marches - adriatic side
Molise - lower adriatic
Piedmont - asti, barbera, barbaresco. No IGT
Sardinia - island
Sicily - island
Trentino - Alto Adige -eastern alps
Tuscany - where grapes preceeded mankind. Chianti, Brunello di Montalcino
Umbria - central
Veneto - Soave, Valpolicella
italian wine facts
three ways to label wine in italy
1. grape and region
moscato d'asti, brunello d'montelicino
2. regional name
chianti, soave
3 fantasy name
sassicia
--------------------------------------------------
italy didnt truly have electricity until the mid 1980s!
with it came refrigeration, and temperature controlled fermentation, resulting in more finesse especially in whites. slower fermentation creates more glycerol, adds elegance and ensures all the sugar is consumed but the yeasts.
vineyard management also led to improvements. no trellising, canopy management have improved the quality in the wines.
1. grape and region
moscato d'asti, brunello d'montelicino
2. regional name
chianti, soave
3 fantasy name
sassicia
--------------------------------------------------
italy didnt truly have electricity until the mid 1980s!
with it came refrigeration, and temperature controlled fermentation, resulting in more finesse especially in whites. slower fermentation creates more glycerol, adds elegance and ensures all the sugar is consumed but the yeasts.
vineyard management also led to improvements. no trellising, canopy management have improved the quality in the wines.
prosecco charmant
prosecco is the grape variety and the name of the wine
comes from the Veneto and made with the Charmat process
prosecco used to be trellised overhead, but because of the all the non-grape specific production required of the vine in this format, the wine was less than perfect. All the growing season went towards leaf production, and with the overhead trellis, it was impossible to trim the canopy, and the water and energy were lost in all the extra feet of trunk.
in the mid to late 80's these trellises were ripped up and replanted single guyot. with a much higher quality of wine has resulted
Charmant is also known as tank fermentation.
process is the wine is fermented bone dry, usually letting the resultant gas escape
(although the gas can be kept in the wine, and bottled with the first fermentation)
resulting dry still wine is placed in a tank with a chapeau, or a closed tank, and sugar and yeast are added.
not much is needed,
4g per liter for frizzante
6g per liter for spumante
plus extra for any desired residual sweetness. wine is pumped out of the tank, directly though a filter and bottled directly with gas but no yeast in the bottle.
comes from the Veneto and made with the Charmat process
prosecco used to be trellised overhead, but because of the all the non-grape specific production required of the vine in this format, the wine was less than perfect. All the growing season went towards leaf production, and with the overhead trellis, it was impossible to trim the canopy, and the water and energy were lost in all the extra feet of trunk.
in the mid to late 80's these trellises were ripped up and replanted single guyot. with a much higher quality of wine has resulted
Charmant is also known as tank fermentation.
process is the wine is fermented bone dry, usually letting the resultant gas escape
(although the gas can be kept in the wine, and bottled with the first fermentation)
resulting dry still wine is placed in a tank with a chapeau, or a closed tank, and sugar and yeast are added.
not much is needed,
4g per liter for frizzante
6g per liter for spumante
plus extra for any desired residual sweetness. wine is pumped out of the tank, directly though a filter and bottled directly with gas but no yeast in the bottle.
Monday, April 19, 2010
italian wine
vdt
vino de tavola
table wine. no limits. red white or rose.
igt 1992
indicazione graphica tipica
loose rules, open laws, broad regional styles. 130 IGT none in piedmont
doc 1963
deniminazione de origine controllata - represents 'style of the region'
region
vintage
min abv
varietals
yield
docg 1963
deniminazione de origine controllata garantita
same as doc, but double panel tasting ensures the wine is of proper regional style
all docg must be aged, ex barolo, 3 years and 5 years for riserva
need 5 years at doc before docg
Superiore
.5 to 1% more alcohol that what doc/g allows, is labeled as superiore
Riserva
lower yields and min aging requirements
Classico
refers to the original delimited doc area, the heart of the area and usually the oldest producers
vino de tavola
table wine. no limits. red white or rose.
igt 1992
indicazione graphica tipica
loose rules, open laws, broad regional styles. 130 IGT none in piedmont
doc 1963
deniminazione de origine controllata - represents 'style of the region'
region
vintage
min abv
varietals
yield
docg 1963
deniminazione de origine controllata garantita
same as doc, but double panel tasting ensures the wine is of proper regional style
all docg must be aged, ex barolo, 3 years and 5 years for riserva
need 5 years at doc before docg
Superiore
.5 to 1% more alcohol that what doc/g allows, is labeled as superiore
Riserva
lower yields and min aging requirements
Classico
refers to the original delimited doc area, the heart of the area and usually the oldest producers
Sunday, April 11, 2010
Castilla y Leon
Castilla y Lyon is out of green spain, away from the ocean, protected by the Cantabrian mountains, creating a rain shadow effect.
Rueda
red clay, brings a freshness to verdejo. bright fruit, tropical, guava grapefruit
Toro
Hot and dry sandy soil, resisted phylloxera and as a result there are staggered aged old bush vines
the grape is called Tinto de Toro and is a thick skinned clone of tempranillo
dark fruit, spiced, tobacco, roasted meat, french oak
Ribera del Duero
along the Duero river banks, high altitude, dry chalky red soil, growing Tinto Fino and Tinta del Pais
also clones of Tempranillo growing in bush vines
complex, earthy reds, with smoked meat and spice
Bierzo
furthest east region in Castilla y Leon, higher altitude, more sun, and drier than Ribera Sacra with the rainshadow from the Cantabrian mountains. Mencia is the grape here, and it is richer, and more oak is used.
Rueda
red clay, brings a freshness to verdejo. bright fruit, tropical, guava grapefruit
Toro
Hot and dry sandy soil, resisted phylloxera and as a result there are staggered aged old bush vines
the grape is called Tinto de Toro and is a thick skinned clone of tempranillo
dark fruit, spiced, tobacco, roasted meat, french oak
Ribera del Duero
along the Duero river banks, high altitude, dry chalky red soil, growing Tinto Fino and Tinta del Pais
also clones of Tempranillo growing in bush vines
complex, earthy reds, with smoked meat and spice
Bierzo
furthest east region in Castilla y Leon, higher altitude, more sun, and drier than Ribera Sacra with the rainshadow from the Cantabrian mountains. Mencia is the grape here, and it is richer, and more oak is used.
Galicia DOs
Riberio was made a DO in 1988
Its main grape is Treixadura, a floral yet lean mineral white
aluvial soils with clay and limestone
A lot of wines from Riberio are field blends, mixed with Albarino, and Godello
Valdeorras literally 'valley of gold' DO 1945
Godello is the most important grape. Fatter and fleshy, but still able to maintain acid and minerality
Vina Godeval was a 12th century monastery
Runs along the river Sil with exposed diverse soils
Rias Baixas DO 1988
The most known of the Galician DOs
Albarino is the grape, floral, salty, mineral, grassy
Runs along the Mino river in parts (O Rosal)
5 sub regions
O Rosal, Condado de Tea are the important ones?
Vines are trellised due to moisture, allowing breezes to dry
Vintage variation due to early rains at harvest time
Moneterrei
Monterrei is a small inland DO, wikipedia says it was a DO in 1960 but then suspended until 1994
Local whites make up the grapes, treixadura, dona blanca and godello, with a little bit of mencia and tempranillo
Ribera Sacra 'Sacred Banks'
Was made a DO in 1997 but vines have been planted since the 12th century on terraced hillsides above the Mido and Sil rivers
Menica is the dominant grape, with some albarino and godello
Aluvial over slate subsoil
Its main grape is Treixadura, a floral yet lean mineral white
aluvial soils with clay and limestone
A lot of wines from Riberio are field blends, mixed with Albarino, and Godello
Valdeorras literally 'valley of gold' DO 1945
Godello is the most important grape. Fatter and fleshy, but still able to maintain acid and minerality
Vina Godeval was a 12th century monastery
Runs along the river Sil with exposed diverse soils
Rias Baixas DO 1988
The most known of the Galician DOs
Albarino is the grape, floral, salty, mineral, grassy
Runs along the Mino river in parts (O Rosal)
5 sub regions
O Rosal, Condado de Tea are the important ones?
Vines are trellised due to moisture, allowing breezes to dry
Vintage variation due to early rains at harvest time
Moneterrei
Monterrei is a small inland DO, wikipedia says it was a DO in 1960 but then suspended until 1994
Local whites make up the grapes, treixadura, dona blanca and godello, with a little bit of mencia and tempranillo
Ribera Sacra 'Sacred Banks'
Was made a DO in 1997 but vines have been planted since the 12th century on terraced hillsides above the Mido and Sil rivers
Menica is the dominant grape, with some albarino and godello
Aluvial over slate subsoil
Galicia / Green Spain
Galicia is called green spain due to its atlantic climate, cool temperatures and the fact that it is quite green and lush with vegetation.
Aluvial soils, from the two major rivers Mino and Sil (Xil)
Lots of rain, meaning less sun, meaning lower ABC whites, more humidity ripening
5 D.O.'s in Galicia and their most important grapes
Ribiera - Treixedura
Rias Biaxas - Albarino
Valdeorras - Godello
Ribera Sacra - Bierzo
Monterrei
Aluvial soils, from the two major rivers Mino and Sil (Xil)
Lots of rain, meaning less sun, meaning lower ABC whites, more humidity ripening
5 D.O.'s in Galicia and their most important grapes
Ribiera - Treixedura
Rias Biaxas - Albarino
Valdeorras - Godello
Ribera Sacra - Bierzo
Monterrei
Sunday, April 4, 2010
priorat / montsant / catalunya
along the Mediterranean coast, south of Barcelona is Catalunya and amongst the important Catalunya regions are
Priorat DO 1989 DOQ 2001
Montsant DO 2001
Montsant surrounds Priorat, but Priorat has a special soil, mineral rich slate and quartzite called Llicorela
grapes are
Garnacha
Carinena = Mazuelo
Syrah
Cab Sauv
Merlot
white grapes
Garnacha Blanca
Pedro Ximinez
Priorat DO 1989 DOQ 2001
Montsant DO 2001
Montsant surrounds Priorat, but Priorat has a special soil, mineral rich slate and quartzite called Llicorela
grapes are
Garnacha
Carinena = Mazuelo
Syrah
Cab Sauv
Merlot
white grapes
Garnacha Blanca
Pedro Ximinez
Spanish Old School VS Modern styles
Old School
high acid,
light color,
longer aging
american oak
lower abv
barnyard, musty
whole bunch fermentation
Modern
concentrated
darker tannins
french oak
higher abv
ready to drink
grape selection
high acid,
light color,
longer aging
american oak
lower abv
barnyard, musty
whole bunch fermentation
Modern
concentrated
darker tannins
french oak
higher abv
ready to drink
grape selection
Spanish Aging Rules
In Rioja, Navarra, and Ribera del Duero they have the same aging requirements, everywhere else, the times are 6 months less. All times are MINIMUM
Vino Joven or Roble
less than 6 months in wood. can mean no wood at all.
Crianza 'aged'
1 year in oak, 1 year in a bottle
Reserva
1 year oak, 2 years in the bottle
Grand Reserva
2 year oak, and 3 years bottle
Vino Joven or Roble
less than 6 months in wood. can mean no wood at all.
Crianza 'aged'
1 year in oak, 1 year in a bottle
Reserva
1 year oak, 2 years in the bottle
Grand Reserva
2 year oak, and 3 years bottle
Rioja DOCa
Rioja is the most famous and the first DO in Spain, 1925, and the first DOCa in 1991
Rioja was named from its placement on the Oja river, Rio Oja in spanish
It sits in north central spain, in a nook between the Cantabrian mountians and the Pyrenees, giving it protection as well as letting a variety of weather affect it. Cool from the Bay of Biscane, Warm from the Med. Being between these mountains and on the rivers path provides them with irrigation.
Rioja has three districts
Rioja Alta - western and considered best
Rioja Baja - southern
Rioja Alavesa - Basque, in the Kingdom of Navarra
Grapes:
white
Viura aka Macabeo
Malvasia
Garnacha Blanca
now sauv blanc, chard, torrentes are allowed but must be labeled if single varietal
red
tempranillo queen of them all
garnacha
mazuelo = carignan
graciano
tempranillo is often late ripening in cool rioja, and produces lower sugar so the other grapes are blended for body and strength
Rioja was named from its placement on the Oja river, Rio Oja in spanish
It sits in north central spain, in a nook between the Cantabrian mountians and the Pyrenees, giving it protection as well as letting a variety of weather affect it. Cool from the Bay of Biscane, Warm from the Med. Being between these mountains and on the rivers path provides them with irrigation.
Rioja has three districts
Rioja Alta - western and considered best
Rioja Baja - southern
Rioja Alavesa - Basque, in the Kingdom of Navarra
Grapes:
white
Viura aka Macabeo
Malvasia
Garnacha Blanca
now sauv blanc, chard, torrentes are allowed but must be labeled if single varietal
red
tempranillo queen of them all
garnacha
mazuelo = carignan
graciano
tempranillo is often late ripening in cool rioja, and produces lower sugar so the other grapes are blended for body and strength
Txakolina
In the Pais Vasco, the Basque Country, Green Spain or North Central Spain is Txakolina
Three subregions
Txakolina de Getaria (smallest)
Txakolina de Arrabako
Txakolina de Bizakia
Trellised indigenous grapes,
Hondurrabi -Zuri
Hondurrabi - Beltza
Three subregions
Txakolina de Getaria (smallest)
Txakolina de Arrabako
Txakolina de Bizakia
Trellised indigenous grapes,
Hondurrabi -Zuri
Hondurrabi - Beltza
Cava
Cava is a DO that can be produced in a variety of non congruous locations, but the majority is made in Penedes in Catalunya
It is a sparkling wine that by law requires it to be made using the méthode champenoise.
The grapes are
Macabeo aka Viura
Xarello
Paralleda
Chardonnay is also permitted, as is Pinot Noir in rose cava
Reserva or Vintage gets 9 months before disgorgement,
Grand Reserva gets 30 months
It is a sparkling wine that by law requires it to be made using the méthode champenoise.
The grapes are
Macabeo aka Viura
Xarello
Paralleda
Chardonnay is also permitted, as is Pinot Noir in rose cava
Reserva or Vintage gets 9 months before disgorgement,
Grand Reserva gets 30 months
Spain Classifications
Vino De La Mesa
Table wine, doesn't need vintage, or classification. No limits on grapes or styles
Vino de Calidad Producido en Región Determinada
Vinos de la Tierra
large classified area, Catalunya, Levant, North-Central Spain are examples.
regions must produce VDLT for 5 years before they can apply for DO status
Denominacion de Origin
DO means more rigorous testing on quality. more rules.
DO often have stamps or logos used to mark their wines.
newest DO is zamora in castilla y leon
Denominacion de Origin Calificada
Top level , shortened to DOCa and in the case of Priorat, DOQ (qualificada)
There are two top level
Rioja, Spains first DO in 1925 and first DOCa in 1991
Priorat, DO 1989 and DOQ 2001
(jerez was the second DO in Spain, malaga the third)
Denominacion de Pago
Pago's are single vineyard sites with DO status, due more to their individual production than their general area. There are few (9?) and the first and important ones are in La Mancha
Table wine, doesn't need vintage, or classification. No limits on grapes or styles
Vino de Calidad Producido en Región Determinada
Vinos de la Tierra
large classified area, Catalunya, Levant, North-Central Spain are examples.
regions must produce VDLT for 5 years before they can apply for DO status
Denominacion de Origin
DO means more rigorous testing on quality. more rules.
DO often have stamps or logos used to mark their wines.
newest DO is zamora in castilla y leon
Denominacion de Origin Calificada
Top level , shortened to DOCa and in the case of Priorat, DOQ (qualificada)
There are two top level
Rioja, Spains first DO in 1925 and first DOCa in 1991
Priorat, DO 1989 and DOQ 2001
(jerez was the second DO in Spain, malaga the third)
Denominacion de Pago
Pago's are single vineyard sites with DO status, due more to their individual production than their general area. There are few (9?) and the first and important ones are in La Mancha
Spain facts
Spain has the most land under vine in the world but produces the third most wine after France and Italy
Reasons include, lower yields per hectare, low rainfall, and the distillation of wine for brandy and spirits
La Mancha, where a lot of distillate bound wine is made, is the largest DO in the world.
The Institute Nacional de Denominacions de Origine or INDO sets the Denominacions de Origine, but the DO's themselves are ruled by their own Consejo Regulador, a single person who sees over the DO production, rules, and quality
Garnacha is the most widely planted red grape
Tempranillo is second
Cabernet Sauvignon is third
Airen is the most widely planted white grape in spain
Reasons include, lower yields per hectare, low rainfall, and the distillation of wine for brandy and spirits
La Mancha, where a lot of distillate bound wine is made, is the largest DO in the world.
The Institute Nacional de Denominacions de Origine or INDO sets the Denominacions de Origine, but the DO's themselves are ruled by their own Consejo Regulador, a single person who sees over the DO production, rules, and quality
Garnacha is the most widely planted red grape
Tempranillo is second
Cabernet Sauvignon is third
Airen is the most widely planted white grape in spain
Sunday, March 21, 2010
Midterm Argentinian
Argentina's wine regions are all at altitude to counter the heat, some as high as 10000ft!
Mendoza
La Rioja
San Juan
Salta - the highest region, over 10k feet,
Catamarca
Mendoza
La Rioja
San Juan
Salta - the highest region, over 10k feet,
Catamarca
Midterm Chilean Wine regions
Atacama and Coquimbo produce grapes for pisco
Aconcagua and its subregion Casablanca
Valle Central with four sub-regions
Maipo
Rapel
Curico
Maule
Southern Chile has two subregions
Bio-Bio
Itata Valley
Concepcion is the city where the latest earthquake hit, and it is on the banks of the Bio-Bio river.
Aconcagua and its subregion Casablanca
Valle Central with four sub-regions
Maipo
Rapel
Curico
Maule
Southern Chile has two subregions
Bio-Bio
Itata Valley
Concepcion is the city where the latest earthquake hit, and it is on the banks of the Bio-Bio river.
Gevery-Chambertain
Cote de nuits
lots of most GCs in one village at 9
Chambertain being the most famous, lends its name to the others
Chambertain
Chambertain-Clos de Beze (may also call itself Chambertain but rarely done)
are the top two.
Charmes-Chambertain
Chapelle-Chambertain
Griolte-Chambertain
Latricieres-Chambertain
Mazis-Chambertain
Mazoyeres-Chambertain
Ruchottes-Chambertain
all are red
lots of most GCs in one village at 9
Chambertain being the most famous, lends its name to the others
Chambertain
Chambertain-Clos de Beze (may also call itself Chambertain but rarely done)
are the top two.
Charmes-Chambertain
Chapelle-Chambertain
Griolte-Chambertain
Latricieres-Chambertain
Mazis-Chambertain
Mazoyeres-Chambertain
Ruchottes-Chambertain
all are red
Morey-Saint-Denis
Cote de Nuits
Clos de la Roche
Clos de Lambrays
Clos de Tart
Clos Saint-Denis
and
Bonne-Mares, shared with Chambolle-Musigny
Clos de la Roche
Clos de Lambrays
Clos de Tart
Clos Saint-Denis
and
Bonne-Mares, shared with Chambolle-Musigny
Chambolle-Musigny
Musigny is the famous GC in Cote de Nuits
Bonne-mares is also partially in the village, as well as in Morey-Saint-Denis
Red
Bonne-mares is also partially in the village, as well as in Morey-Saint-Denis
Red
Vougeot
Cote de Nuits
Clos de Vougeot
This GC vineyard is enclosed with a wall, hence the Clos in its name
Red
Clos de Vougeot
This GC vineyard is enclosed with a wall, hence the Clos in its name
Red
Flagey- Echezeaux
Cote de Nuits
Echezeaux is the famous vineyard in the village, the other GC is
Grands Echezeaux
Both are red
Echezeaux is the famous vineyard in the village, the other GC is
Grands Echezeaux
Both are red
Washington State - Columbia Valley terroir
Columbia Valley gets more sun that Napa, but temperature is lower, giving grapes the chance to reach physiological ripeness without the extreme high alcohol of CA
Vines have a goodly amount of stress and strain upon them, and produce powerful extracted wines, without the overbearing high sugar that leads to high alcohol.
Sub AVAs get instense and complex, show old world styles of complexity with the fruit forwardness of California
Merlot takes on Pomerol characters
AVAs in Columbia Valley are specific to precipitation first, climate second.
Volcanic and Sandy Loam soils
Lower yields, maceration and sangee, + soil, precip, and heat are the rubiks cube of elements
Vines have a goodly amount of stress and strain upon them, and produce powerful extracted wines, without the overbearing high sugar that leads to high alcohol.
Sub AVAs get instense and complex, show old world styles of complexity with the fruit forwardness of California
Merlot takes on Pomerol characters
AVAs in Columbia Valley are specific to precipitation first, climate second.
Volcanic and Sandy Loam soils
Lower yields, maceration and sangee, + soil, precip, and heat are the rubiks cube of elements
Washinton State - Columbia Valley AVAs
Columbia Valley AVA covers 99% of the viticulture for the state
It extends into OR and ID, but is mostly in WA
Largest Appellation in WA, 11,000,000 acres.
it includes
Walla Walla AVA
Horse Heaven Hills AVA
Wahluke Slope AVA
---------- warmest in WA - Native American term meaning watering place, newest AVA,
Lake Chelan AVA
Yakima Valley AVA
---------sub yakima valley AVAs
Rattlesnake Hills
Snipes Mountain
Red Mountain
Columbia Gorge AVA is west of Columbia Valley
Puget Sound AVA is the only region west of the Cascades
It extends into OR and ID, but is mostly in WA
Largest Appellation in WA, 11,000,000 acres.
it includes
Walla Walla AVA
Horse Heaven Hills AVA
Wahluke Slope AVA
---------- warmest in WA - Native American term meaning watering place, newest AVA,
Lake Chelan AVA
Yakima Valley AVA
---------sub yakima valley AVAs
Rattlesnake Hills
Snipes Mountain
Red Mountain
Columbia Gorge AVA is west of Columbia Valley
Puget Sound AVA is the only region west of the Cascades
Washington State - Rainfall & General
Washington's growing regions are mostly protected from the maritime climate by the Cascade mountains.
This is what is called the rainshadow effect, and serves to keep the eastern side of the mountain ranges drier and more arid.
Arid is a lack of precipitation, not a heat factor.
Drip irrigation can be used, not to grow grapes, but to keep the vines from shutting down and dying.
Drought = no water
Heatwave = heat and no water
On the Seattle side, they grow grapes in Woodenville, where they receive 11 inches over the growing season, and on the eastern side of the Cascades, near Walla Walla, they receive from 1.5 to 3 inches
Style of wines are imparted by the effects of heat and water.
Areas with more more rainfall, tend to have sandier, more porous soil that drains well.
Drier areas have less drainage, retaining water for growth
This is what is called the rainshadow effect, and serves to keep the eastern side of the mountain ranges drier and more arid.
Arid is a lack of precipitation, not a heat factor.
Drip irrigation can be used, not to grow grapes, but to keep the vines from shutting down and dying.
Drought = no water
Heatwave = heat and no water
On the Seattle side, they grow grapes in Woodenville, where they receive 11 inches over the growing season, and on the eastern side of the Cascades, near Walla Walla, they receive from 1.5 to 3 inches
Style of wines are imparted by the effects of heat and water.
Areas with more more rainfall, tend to have sandier, more porous soil that drains well.
Drier areas have less drainage, retaining water for growth
Saturday, March 20, 2010
Midterm Vosne-Romanee Grand Crus
Vosne-Romanee is a village in the Cote de Nuits region of Burgundy
La Romanee is the most famous vineyard. The GC's are all Red.
La Grand Rue
La Romanee
La Tache
Richbourg
Romanee-Conte
Romanee-Saint-Vivant
La Romanee is the most famous vineyard. The GC's are all Red.
La Grand Rue
La Romanee
La Tache
Richbourg
Romanee-Conte
Romanee-Saint-Vivant
Midterm Champagne regions
Montagne de Reims - Pinot Noir
Vallee de la Marne Pinot Munier
Cotes de Blancs -Chardonny
Cotes de Sezanne CH
Aube PN
Vallee de la Marne Pinot Munier
Cotes de Blancs -Chardonny
Cotes de Sezanne CH
Aube PN
Midterm Aloxe-Corton
Aloxe-Corton is a town in the Cote de Beaune
Corton is the most famous vineyard, growing Pinot Noir, the only Red wine GC in the Cote de Beaune
Corton Red
Corton-Charlemagne White
Charlemagne White
Corton is the most famous vineyard, growing Pinot Noir, the only Red wine GC in the Cote de Beaune
Corton Red
Corton-Charlemagne White
Charlemagne White
midterm Pugliny-Montrachet Grand Crus
Pugliny-Montrachet is in the Cote de Beaune department of Burgundy
The most famous vineyard is Montrachet, from which the town and all other Grand Crus take their names
Montrachet
Batard-Montrechet
Bienvenues-Batard-Montrachet
Chevalier-Montrachet
Criotes-Batard-Montrachet
They are all white wine Grand Crus
The most famous vineyard is Montrachet, from which the town and all other Grand Crus take their names
Montrachet
Batard-Montrechet
Bienvenues-Batard-Montrachet
Chevalier-Montrachet
Criotes-Batard-Montrachet
They are all white wine Grand Crus
Thursday, March 18, 2010
Midterm!! Burgundy GC's!
Grand Cru  | Region | Village | Wine style |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chablis Grand Cru | Chablis | Chablis | White wine |
| Chambertin-Clos de Bèze | Côte de Nuits | Gevrey-Chambertin | Red wine |
| Charmes-Chambertin | Côte de Nuits | Gevrey-Chambertin | Red wine |
| Chapelle-Chambertin | Côte de Nuits | Gevrey-Chambertin | Red wine |
| Griotte-Chambertin | Côte de Nuits | Gevrey-Chambertin | Red wine |
| Latricières-Chambertin | Côte de Nuits | Gevrey-Chambertin | Red wine |
| Chambertin | Côte de Nuits | Gevrey-Chambertin | Red wine |
| Mazis-Chambertin | Côte de Nuits | Gevrey-Chambertin | Red wine |
| Mazoyères-Chambertin | Côte de Nuits | Gevrey-Chambertin | Red wine |
| Ruchottes-Chambertin | Côte de Nuits | Gevrey-Chambertin | Red wine |
| Bonnes-Mares | Côte de Nuits | Morey-Saint-Denis[a] | Red wine |
| Clos de la Roche | Côte de Nuits | Morey-Saint-Denis | Red wine |
| Clos des Lambrays | Côte de Nuits | Morey-Saint-Denis | Red wine |
| Clos de Tart | Côte de Nuits | Morey-Saint-Denis | Red wine |
| Clos Saint-Denis | Côte de Nuits | Morey-Saint-Denis | Red wine |
| Bonnes-Mares | Côte de Nuits | Chambolle-Musigny[a] | Red wine |
| Musigny | Côte de Nuits | Chambolle-Musigny | Red and some white wine |
| Clos de Vougeot | Côte de Nuits | Vougeot | Red wine |
| Échezeaux | Côte de Nuits | Flagey-Echézeaux | Red wine |
| Grands Échezeaux | Côte de Nuits | Flagey-Echézeaux | Red wine |
| La Grande Rue | Côte de Nuits | Vosne-Romanée | Red wine |
| La Romanée | Côte de Nuits | Vosne-Romanée | Red wine |
| La Tâche | Côte de Nuits | Vosne-Romanée | Red wine |
| Richebourg | Côte de Nuits | Vosne-Romanée | Red wine |
| Romanée-Conti | Côte de Nuits | Vosne-Romanée | Red wine |
| Romanée-Saint-Vivant | Côte de Nuits | Vosne-Romanée | Red wine |
| Corton | Côte de Beaune | Pernand-Vergelesses[b] | Red wine |
| Corton-Charlemagne | Côte de Beaune | Pernand-Vergelesses[b] | White wine |
| Charlemagne | Côte de Beaune | Pernand-Vergelesses[c] | White wine |
| Corton | Côte de Beaune | Ladoix-Serrigny[b] | Red wine |
| Corton-Charlemagne | Côte de Beaune | Ladoix-Serrigny[b] | White wine |
| Corton | Côte de Beaune | Aloxe-Corton[b] | Red wine |
| Corton-Charlemagne | Côte de Beaune | Aloxe-Corton[b] | White wine |
| Charlemagne | Côte de Beaune | Aloxe-Corton[c] | White wine |
| Bâtard-Montrachet | Côte de Beaune | Puligny-Montrachet[e] | White wine |
| Bienvenues-Bâtard-Montrachet | Côte de Beaune | Puligny-Montrachet | White wine |
| Chevalier-Montrachet | Côte de Beaune | Puligny-Montrachet | White wine |
| Montrachet | Côte de Beaune | Puligny-Montrachet[d] | White wine |
| Bâtard-Montrachet | Côte de Beaune | Chassagne-Montrachet[E] | White wine |
| Criots-Bâtard-Montrachet | Côte de Beaune | Chassagne-Montrachet | White wine |
| Montrachet | Côte de Beaune | Chassagne-Montrachet[d] | White wine |
Midterm!!! notable SA regions
Chile:
Rapel - Ocean exposure, hot days and cool nights growing sauv blanc and semillion.
Casablanca - newer region, 25 years pioneered for cold costal sauvignon blanc, but its been determined that Chardonnay succeeds. Damp and foggy, high acid and lots of tropical fruit. Usually oaked and without too much malolactic present.
Colchagua - "Napa of Chile", Old vines, Malbec dark fruit and violet.
Concepcion where the earthquake hit
Argentina
70% of wine comes from Mendoza, and the majority of that is Malbec.
Maipu and Lujan are other important red regions. La Rioja grows Torrentes and in San Juan they make a style of wine similar to Sherry
Salta - is one of the highest regions, approaching 10,000 feet in a high desert climate on 150 year old vines.
Rapel - Ocean exposure, hot days and cool nights growing sauv blanc and semillion.
Casablanca - newer region, 25 years pioneered for cold costal sauvignon blanc, but its been determined that Chardonnay succeeds. Damp and foggy, high acid and lots of tropical fruit. Usually oaked and without too much malolactic present.
Colchagua - "Napa of Chile", Old vines, Malbec dark fruit and violet.
Concepcion where the earthquake hit
Argentina
70% of wine comes from Mendoza, and the majority of that is Malbec.
Maipu and Lujan are other important red regions. La Rioja grows Torrentes and in San Juan they make a style of wine similar to Sherry
Salta - is one of the highest regions, approaching 10,000 feet in a high desert climate on 150 year old vines.
Midterm!!! l'Echelle de Crus
l'Echelle de Crus
The Ladder of growths. The price of a kilo of grapes is set every harvest by the CIVCComité Interprofessionnel du Vin de Champagne
The price is scaled from 100% for the top crus, or vineyards, and down to 80% for the less important vineyards.
Grand Crus get 100% (of which there are 17)
Premier Crus get 90-99% (of which there are 40)
Villages get 80-89%
Midterm!!! Champagne regions
Montagne de Reims: Primary variety is PN
furthest north of the sub districts. the northern side has a unique microclimate that produces darker wines with bigger body. the southern side of the montagne produces deeper flavor, more finesse.
Vallée de la Marne: Primary Variety is PM due to frost prone vineyards, and PM breaks late and harvests early.
lots of easy drinking fruit
Cote des Blancs: Primary to exclusively CH due to the regions excessive chalky soil, contributing tons of acid, and complexity. Most sought after in all of Champagne.
Aube: Primary PN
This is the most southern sub district, and it produces ripe and fruity PN.
Cote De Sézanne: CH
Southwest of Cote des Blancs, lots of chardonnay but without the finesse. A little fruitier and musky at times.
furthest north of the sub districts. the northern side has a unique microclimate that produces darker wines with bigger body. the southern side of the montagne produces deeper flavor, more finesse.
Vallée de la Marne: Primary Variety is PM due to frost prone vineyards, and PM breaks late and harvests early.
lots of easy drinking fruit
Cote des Blancs: Primary to exclusively CH due to the regions excessive chalky soil, contributing tons of acid, and complexity. Most sought after in all of Champagne.
Aube: Primary PN
This is the most southern sub district, and it produces ripe and fruity PN.
Cote De Sézanne: CH
Southwest of Cote des Blancs, lots of chardonnay but without the finesse. A little fruitier and musky at times.
Sunday, March 14, 2010
Shared Oregon AVAs
Shared OR-WA
Columbia Gorge- Along the Columbia river, dry from the rainshadow effect. No wineries in the AVA, only vineyards.
Columbia Valley- 99% of the vineyards in this AVA are in WA
Walla Walla is a sub AVA of Columbia Valley, Syrah
Shared OR-ID
Snake River Valley Drastic Diurnal temps, Elevation, Cab S, Cab F, Chardonnay
Columbia Gorge- Along the Columbia river, dry from the rainshadow effect. No wineries in the AVA, only vineyards.
Columbia Valley- 99% of the vineyards in this AVA are in WA
Walla Walla is a sub AVA of Columbia Valley, Syrah
Shared OR-ID
Snake River Valley Drastic Diurnal temps, Elevation, Cab S, Cab F, Chardonnay
Southern Oregon
Southern Oregon was made an AVA in 2004
made up of two distinct separate subs AVAs
Rogue Valley and Umpqua Valley
Umpqua Valley
is made up of the "100 valleys of Umpqua"
lots of criss-crossing valleys
cooler valleys are planted with PN and PG
warmer valleys are planted with BX varietals
3 distinct climates
Maritime- PN and reislings
Central- more temperate , BX varietals
Southern- warmer, arid. irrigation needed. varied soils, greater diurnal temps.
Redhill - Douglas County is a sub-AVA of Umpqua
only single vineyard AVA in OR
220 acres. Iron Rich red jury clay
Frost free at elevation
PN Char, Reisling
Maritime climate influences
Rogue Valley
is the southernmost AVA in OR (QUIZ QUESTION)
Warmest and driest AVA
Very varied soil. Not all area planted with vines. Lots of forests.
West is cooler, Mountain and Ocean influence. PN and PG planted
East higher elevations, warmer and drier.
Applegate Valley
The applegate valley separates the Rogue from North to South,
Stretching from the CA border, 50 miles to the Rouge River.
Deep well drained soils, warm days, cool nights
Merlot, Syrah, Zinfandel Chardonnay planted at up to 2000ft
made up of two distinct separate subs AVAs
Rogue Valley and Umpqua Valley
Umpqua Valley
is made up of the "100 valleys of Umpqua"
lots of criss-crossing valleys
cooler valleys are planted with PN and PG
warmer valleys are planted with BX varietals
3 distinct climates
Maritime- PN and reislings
Central- more temperate , BX varietals
Southern- warmer, arid. irrigation needed. varied soils, greater diurnal temps.
Redhill - Douglas County is a sub-AVA of Umpqua
only single vineyard AVA in OR
220 acres. Iron Rich red jury clay
Frost free at elevation
PN Char, Reisling
Maritime climate influences
Rogue Valley
is the southernmost AVA in OR (QUIZ QUESTION)
Warmest and driest AVA
Very varied soil. Not all area planted with vines. Lots of forests.
West is cooler, Mountain and Ocean influence. PN and PG planted
East higher elevations, warmer and drier.
Applegate Valley
The applegate valley separates the Rogue from North to South,
Stretching from the CA border, 50 miles to the Rouge River.
Deep well drained soils, warm days, cool nights
Merlot, Syrah, Zinfandel Chardonnay planted at up to 2000ft
Rainshadow Effect
Tall mountains block the maritime weather, rain and storms. Moisture is kept to the west of the mountains, and the areas in the rainshadow are drier.
Van Duzer breeeze cools too
Van Duzer breeeze cools too
Saturday, March 13, 2010
Willamette Sub AVAs
Willamette Valley has SIX sub AVAs, due to lots of criss crossing valleys.
Dundee Hills
red jory clay
light bright cherry
rich mouthfeel
lots of light
Eola - Amity
nekia / jury soil - shallow dries out faster
lots of soil variation within vineyards, adding complexity
black fruit forward, high in natural acidity
planted at altitude 200-1000ft to avoid frost and bad drainage
Van Duzer breeze blows in and dries
southern
Yamhill -Carlton
east facing slopes on a horseshoe ridge.
high altitude
willakenzie soil on volcanic ridge
red and black fruit
cola, leather, fresh turned earth, tobacco
lower acid, warmer reigon
lush wines, better drunk young
higher diurnal temps. protected from rain by the coastal mountains
Chehalem Mountains
most diverse soils
elegant wines
high elevations
varied precip
varied temp
diverse conditions
Ribbon Ridge
sub ava at south end of Chehalem Mtns,
protected from the weather by the mountains
lowest rainfall, smallest AVA in OR
willakenzie soils
less heat spikes, lower diurnal temps , complex acids, nutmeg spice
stressed vines
McMinville
furthest west, deep soils, 20-40 inches
marine sediment, struggling vines. inky firm tannins
Dundee Hills
red jory clay
light bright cherry
rich mouthfeel
lots of light
Eola - Amity
nekia / jury soil - shallow dries out faster
lots of soil variation within vineyards, adding complexity
black fruit forward, high in natural acidity
planted at altitude 200-1000ft to avoid frost and bad drainage
Van Duzer breeze blows in and dries
southern
Yamhill -Carlton
east facing slopes on a horseshoe ridge.
high altitude
willakenzie soil on volcanic ridge
red and black fruit
cola, leather, fresh turned earth, tobacco
lower acid, warmer reigon
lush wines, better drunk young
higher diurnal temps. protected from rain by the coastal mountains
Chehalem Mountains
most diverse soils
elegant wines
high elevations
varied precip
varied temp
diverse conditions
Ribbon Ridge
sub ava at south end of Chehalem Mtns,
protected from the weather by the mountains
lowest rainfall, smallest AVA in OR
willakenzie soils
less heat spikes, lower diurnal temps , complex acids, nutmeg spice
stressed vines
McMinville
furthest west, deep soils, 20-40 inches
marine sediment, struggling vines. inky firm tannins
Friday, March 12, 2010
Willamette Valley
willamette valley is on the 45 parallel, same as bugundy.
ripens early, west is the coastal mountains, east is the cascade mountains.
protection and maritime influences
however it is possible for damp autumns, and cool summers.
warm days and cool nights, the season is early, and grapes are picked earlier in the year due to autumn rains.
ripens early, west is the coastal mountains, east is the cascade mountains.
protection and maritime influences
however it is possible for damp autumns, and cool summers.
warm days and cool nights, the season is early, and grapes are picked earlier in the year due to autumn rains.
Oregon Soil
Soil is three main types
1.Red Jory Clay
well drained, and gives nice cherry fruit
2.Nekia
dry, needs water supply, black fruit
3.Willakenzie
low capacity, good drainage, firm tannins
1.Red Jory Clay
well drained, and gives nice cherry fruit
2.Nekia
dry, needs water supply, black fruit
3.Willakenzie
low capacity, good drainage, firm tannins
OREGON!!!
1825 planted
1960 willamette valley 'discovered as suitable for vines'
1979 ivy vineyardsm david lett, peter loire entered Oregon PN in international PN and got 2nd place
Oregon is 4th in US production, .64% overall
Majority of grapes are cold weather suitable.
Pinot Noir makes up 55%
Pinot Gris
Chardonnay
Riesling
plus a little grown grape called Marechal Foch
LAWS
90% varietal on label
75% for cab sauv
95% vintage labeled.
100% AVA
No Chapatalization allowed
as of 2007 Pinot Gris can be labeled as Pinot Grigio
1960 willamette valley 'discovered as suitable for vines'
1979 ivy vineyardsm david lett, peter loire entered Oregon PN in international PN and got 2nd place
Oregon is 4th in US production, .64% overall
Majority of grapes are cold weather suitable.
Pinot Noir makes up 55%
Pinot Gris
Chardonnay
Riesling
plus a little grown grape called Marechal Foch
LAWS
90% varietal on label
75% for cab sauv
95% vintage labeled.
100% AVA
No Chapatalization allowed
as of 2007 Pinot Gris can be labeled as Pinot Grigio
Monday, March 1, 2010
Friday, February 26, 2010
Sonoma AVAs
Alexander Valley - Northeast traditionally made high acid whites for blending with lower acids wines by Gallo
Chalk Hill - No chalk, but white volcanic ash with high quartz content.
Dry Creek Valley - wetter and warmer than a surrounding areas, later harvest.
Knights Valley - rocky gravelly, low fertility, ideal for Cab Sauv
Los Carneros - or Carneros, straddles napa and sonoma valleys. breezes from San Pablo bay make for ideal PN and Chard growing.
Northern Sonoma - Catch all northern region, includes Alexander valley, chalk hill, dry creek, knights valley, RRV, and sonoma green valley. City of santa rosa is the limiting line.
Russian River Valley - early morning coastal fog makes for cooler growing season and perfect for PN
Sonoma Coast - the western boarder of the Sonoma AVA, right along the pacific coast, lots of fog and significantly cooler.
Sonoma County-Green Valley - in the RRV, sandy loam, ideal for Sparkling wine. so named to avoid confusion with Green Valley in Solano County
Sonoma Mountain - thermal belt drains the fog and cold air, resulting in more moderate temperatures.
Sonoma Valley - lowest rainfall in the county, and fog rarely penetrates. Red wine country. Cab Sauv and Zin.
Chalk Hill - No chalk, but white volcanic ash with high quartz content.
Dry Creek Valley - wetter and warmer than a surrounding areas, later harvest.
Knights Valley - rocky gravelly, low fertility, ideal for Cab Sauv
Los Carneros - or Carneros, straddles napa and sonoma valleys. breezes from San Pablo bay make for ideal PN and Chard growing.
Northern Sonoma - Catch all northern region, includes Alexander valley, chalk hill, dry creek, knights valley, RRV, and sonoma green valley. City of santa rosa is the limiting line.
Russian River Valley - early morning coastal fog makes for cooler growing season and perfect for PN
Sonoma Coast - the western boarder of the Sonoma AVA, right along the pacific coast, lots of fog and significantly cooler.
Sonoma County-Green Valley - in the RRV, sandy loam, ideal for Sparkling wine. so named to avoid confusion with Green Valley in Solano County
Sonoma Mountain - thermal belt drains the fog and cold air, resulting in more moderate temperatures.
Sonoma Valley - lowest rainfall in the county, and fog rarely penetrates. Red wine country. Cab Sauv and Zin.
Sunday, February 21, 2010
Napa Valley AVA s
Floor AVAs
Calistoga is not an actual AVA
St Helena
Rutherford
Oakville
Yountville
Stags Leap
Oak Knoll
Wild Horse Valley
Mountian AVAs
Diamond Mountain
Spring Mountain
Mount Veeder
Howell Mountain +++ Napa's first AVA 1984
Atlas Peak
Calistoga is not an actual AVA
St Helena
Rutherford
Oakville
Yountville
Stags Leap
Oak Knoll
Wild Horse Valley
Mountian AVAs
Diamond Mountain
Spring Mountain
Mount Veeder
Howell Mountain +++ Napa's first AVA 1984
Atlas Peak
American Viticultral Area
In 1978 the BATF designated AVA as a "delimited grape growing region distinguished by geographic features, the boundaries of which have been recognized and defined"
augusta, missouri became the first AVA in 1980
TTB labeling laws
varietal labled wine must contain 75%o of the named variety
estate bottled must be made by wineries that own or control all the vineyards where the grapes are grown
ava designated wines must be made from 85% of the ava indicated
vineyard designated must be 95% from vineyard listed
augusta, missouri became the first AVA in 1980
TTB labeling laws
varietal labled wine must contain 75%o of the named variety
estate bottled must be made by wineries that own or control all the vineyards where the grapes are grown
ava designated wines must be made from 85% of the ava indicated
vineyard designated must be 95% from vineyard listed
UC Davis discoveries / mistakes
AXR-1 is a root stock that was promoted, mainly due to its higher yields, but it proved to be less resistant to phylloxera, especially Biotype B resulting in many damaged vineyards, especially since the majority of vineyards followed their advice
UC Davis also erred on the side of over production, making wines with less finesse.
UC Davis also erred on the side of over production, making wines with less finesse.
Important Californians
Father Junipero Serra 18th century jesuit monk. planted criolla, or mission all along the coast of what is now CA
Jean Loius Vignes frenchman who brought vitis vinifera cuttings from his native bordeaux in 1830s
Count Agoston Haraszthy hungarian who traveled to france and brought back 100,000 vines.
Maynard Amarine and Albert Winkler are scientists at UC Davis who created the heat degrees map
Jean Loius Vignes frenchman who brought vitis vinifera cuttings from his native bordeaux in 1830s
Count Agoston Haraszthy hungarian who traveled to france and brought back 100,000 vines.
Maynard Amarine and Albert Winkler are scientists at UC Davis who created the heat degrees map
California Heat Degree Days
Degree days are the measure of the number of days from april 1 to oct 31, that the mean temperature is above 50. This was determined by Winkler
this is used to divide california into climate regions.
region I is 2500 degree days or lower
region II is 2501 to 3000
region III is 3001 to 3500
region IV is 3501 to 4000
region V is 4001 or more
this is used to divide california into climate regions.
region I is 2500 degree days or lower
region II is 2501 to 3000
region III is 3001 to 3500
region IV is 3501 to 4000
region V is 4001 or more
Sunday, February 14, 2010
South America / Uruguay
Uruguay was settled by the Basque people and a legacy of this heritage is the wide spread planting of Tannat.
Catelones is the largest wine producing region with 90%
The Tannat in Uruguay has softer tannins than Tannat in the Pais Vasco. Juicier, and softer fruit.
it is grown in high altitude, but in more fertile soil so vines are trained into a lyre trestle to compensate.
Even though Tannat is not as intense in Uruguay, it is still sometimes softened with merlot, syrah, and even pinot noir at times.
Catelones is the largest wine producing region with 90%
The Tannat in Uruguay has softer tannins than Tannat in the Pais Vasco. Juicier, and softer fruit.
it is grown in high altitude, but in more fertile soil so vines are trained into a lyre trestle to compensate.
Even though Tannat is not as intense in Uruguay, it is still sometimes softened with merlot, syrah, and even pinot noir at times.
South America / Argentina
Argentina too suffered under the global economy until the later parts of the twentieth century, but still grew lots of wine for local consumption.
Malbec, another transplanted noble grape has taken off. Where it is a blending grape in Bordeaux, it is the king of Argentina.
70% of wine comes from Mendoza, and the majority of that is Malbec.
Maipu and Lujan are other important red regions. La Rioja grows Torrentes and in San Juan they make a style of wine similar to Sherry
Salta - is one of the highest regions, approaching 10,000 feet in a high desert climate on 150 year old vines.
Since Argentina doesn't have the temperature moderating effect of being near water, growers moderate the climate by planting at altitude. While Chile for example plants under 1000ft/sea level, Argentina plants at 4000ft plus, and in some places up to 10,000ft.
Problems with altitude include lots of hail in the spring at bud break which can wipe out the harvest.
La Zonda is a strong wind that comes up in late spring when the flowers are blooming and can wipe out fruit set. The wind comes from the Andes in the NW
Flood irrigation is often used to kill phylloxera at bud break.
Malbec, another transplanted noble grape has taken off. Where it is a blending grape in Bordeaux, it is the king of Argentina.
70% of wine comes from Mendoza, and the majority of that is Malbec.
Maipu and Lujan are other important red regions. La Rioja grows Torrentes and in San Juan they make a style of wine similar to Sherry
Salta - is one of the highest regions, approaching 10,000 feet in a high desert climate on 150 year old vines.
Since Argentina doesn't have the temperature moderating effect of being near water, growers moderate the climate by planting at altitude. While Chile for example plants under 1000ft/sea level, Argentina plants at 4000ft plus, and in some places up to 10,000ft.
Problems with altitude include lots of hail in the spring at bud break which can wipe out the harvest.
La Zonda is a strong wind that comes up in late spring when the flowers are blooming and can wipe out fruit set. The wind comes from the Andes in the NW
Flood irrigation is often used to kill phylloxera at bud break.
South America / Chile
Chile
When Chile gained independence from Spain, they were free to choose their varietals and in 1830 they imported a full array of Bordeaux vines. Before this they were forced to grow local grapes such as Pais.
Chile has natural borders, Desert in the north, Andes in the east, Pacific ocean and the Humboldt current to the west, and Patagonia in the south
Because of Chile's remote location, and due to their closed borders due the majority of the twentieth century Chile is both phylloxera free, and has noble varieties planted on original root stock.
These varieties include now extinct in Bordeaux varieties of Carmenere and Torrontes.
Carmemere in Chile was thought to be Merlot of a long time, Looks very similar. With the growth of the local wine industry in the 90's more vines were identified. With proper planting and maintenance, it can be much more successful than in Bordeaux.
Merlot likes clay and shade, where Carmenere prefers sandy soil and more light. So with these steps the wines are less vegetal, with more dark tannins, red pepper spice and it ages well.
The white grape of Chile is Torrontes, a grape thought to be in the same family as Malvasia. It is perfumed, with bright fruit and spicy skin tannins.
Torrontes can be used to make Pisco, a distilled alcohol made from grape must. Moscatel is also used in making Pisco. Pisco is the national drink of Chile and Peru.
There are regions in Chile that resemble the climate of Napa. Lots of East-West running valleys, but very little rainfall in the summer, so irrigation is used. Plenty of water from the Andes run off.
Chile also grows other Noble varieties like Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Merlot.
Notable regions
Rapel - Ocean exposure, hot days and cool nights growing sauv blanc and semillion.
Casablanca - newer region, 25 years pioneered for cold costal sauvignon blanc, but its been determined that Chardonnay succeeds. Damp and foggy, high acid and lots of tropical fruit. Usually oaked and without too much malolactic present.
Colchagua - "Napa of Chile", Old vines, Malbec dark fruit and violet.
When Chile gained independence from Spain, they were free to choose their varietals and in 1830 they imported a full array of Bordeaux vines. Before this they were forced to grow local grapes such as Pais.
Chile has natural borders, Desert in the north, Andes in the east, Pacific ocean and the Humboldt current to the west, and Patagonia in the south
Because of Chile's remote location, and due to their closed borders due the majority of the twentieth century Chile is both phylloxera free, and has noble varieties planted on original root stock.
These varieties include now extinct in Bordeaux varieties of Carmenere and Torrontes.
Carmemere in Chile was thought to be Merlot of a long time, Looks very similar. With the growth of the local wine industry in the 90's more vines were identified. With proper planting and maintenance, it can be much more successful than in Bordeaux.
Merlot likes clay and shade, where Carmenere prefers sandy soil and more light. So with these steps the wines are less vegetal, with more dark tannins, red pepper spice and it ages well.
The white grape of Chile is Torrontes, a grape thought to be in the same family as Malvasia. It is perfumed, with bright fruit and spicy skin tannins.
Torrontes can be used to make Pisco, a distilled alcohol made from grape must. Moscatel is also used in making Pisco. Pisco is the national drink of Chile and Peru.
There are regions in Chile that resemble the climate of Napa. Lots of East-West running valleys, but very little rainfall in the summer, so irrigation is used. Plenty of water from the Andes run off.
Chile also grows other Noble varieties like Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Merlot.
Notable regions
Rapel - Ocean exposure, hot days and cool nights growing sauv blanc and semillion.
Casablanca - newer region, 25 years pioneered for cold costal sauvignon blanc, but its been determined that Chardonnay succeeds. Damp and foggy, high acid and lots of tropical fruit. Usually oaked and without too much malolactic present.
Colchagua - "Napa of Chile", Old vines, Malbec dark fruit and violet.
Friday, February 5, 2010
Languedoc-Roussillon
Traditionally the largest wine growing region in the world, but mainly focused on quantity. history of co-op production. Yields have lowered over the past 20 years. Lots of new thinking, and 410 biodynamic wineries.
The area is influenced by two distinct wind patterns, the Mistral, cold and drying from inland, and the Marin, warm and damp from the sea.
As of May 3, 2007 the name has changed to Languedoc AOC
The Languedoc has four departments
Gard, Herault, Aude, and Pyrenees-Orientales
Fitou was the first AOC -1948
Corbieres and Minervois were added in 1985
The Classic red grapes are
Carignan
Syrah
Mourvedre
Grenache
and with the modern additions of
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Petite Verdot
The white grapes
Grenache Blanc
Clairette
Bourboulenc
Picpoul
The area is influenced by two distinct wind patterns, the Mistral, cold and drying from inland, and the Marin, warm and damp from the sea.
As of May 3, 2007 the name has changed to Languedoc AOC
The Languedoc has four departments
Gard, Herault, Aude, and Pyrenees-Orientales
Fitou was the first AOC -1948
Corbieres and Minervois were added in 1985
The Classic red grapes are
Carignan
Syrah
Mourvedre
Grenache
and with the modern additions of
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Petite Verdot
The white grapes
Grenache Blanc
Clairette
Bourboulenc
Picpoul
Monday, February 1, 2010
Saturday, January 30, 2010
bordeaux grapes
red
cabernet sauvignon
merlot
cabernet franc
petit verdot
malbec
plus
carmeniere
st macaire
whites
semillion
sauvignon blanc
muscadelle
cabernet sauvignon
merlot
cabernet franc
petit verdot
malbec
plus
carmeniere
st macaire
whites
semillion
sauvignon blanc
muscadelle
Tuesday, January 19, 2010
Chateauneuf de Pape Grapes
varieties allowed are
Bourboulenc - White
Cinsault -Red
Clairette - Blanche (Rose)
Counoise - Red
Grenache Noir Blanc - Red White(Gris)
Mourvèdre - Red
Muscardin - Red
Picardan - White
Picpoul - Noir Blanc -Red White(Gris)
Roussane -White
Syrah -Red
Terret Noir -Red
Vaccarèse -Red
Bourboulenc - White
Cinsault -Red
Clairette - Blanche (Rose)
Counoise - Red
Grenache Noir Blanc - Red White(Gris)
Mourvèdre - Red
Muscardin - Red
Picardan - White
Picpoul - Noir Blanc -Red White(Gris)
Roussane -White
Syrah -Red
Terret Noir -Red
Vaccarèse -Red
North / South Rhone Grapes
Northern Rhone- Septentrionales (Ok this is cool, Septentrion is the antiquated french term for northern, coming from the ancient roman septen (meaning seven) and trion (meaning steer or pulling pack animal) which was the term they used to refer to the big dipper, as in the seven stars always revolving with the earth, but always pointing to the north)
Grapes:
Viognier - White
Marsanne - White
Roussane - White
Syrah - Red
simple point. all reds in the north are made with syrah, but they are allowed to blend in a small percent of these white varietals to soften what historically would have been huge tannic wines, mostly due to maceration with stems.
now Viognier commands such high prices, that most growers will make viognier alone.
Northern and Southern Rhone are divided by the town of Montelimar
Southern Rhone - Meridionales ( Meridian being the equator, or halfway mark, so referencing the southern half)
Grapes from the Southern Rhone get complicated, because for example, the wines in Chateauneuf-de-Pape can use ANY of 13 grapes in the wines, but if they only use one grape in a red wine it must be Grenache
Grapes:
Viognier - White
Marsanne - White
Roussane - White
Syrah - Red
simple point. all reds in the north are made with syrah, but they are allowed to blend in a small percent of these white varietals to soften what historically would have been huge tannic wines, mostly due to maceration with stems.
now Viognier commands such high prices, that most growers will make viognier alone.
Northern and Southern Rhone are divided by the town of Montelimar
Southern Rhone - Meridionales ( Meridian being the equator, or halfway mark, so referencing the southern half)
Grapes from the Southern Rhone get complicated, because for example, the wines in Chateauneuf-de-Pape can use ANY of 13 grapes in the wines, but if they only use one grape in a red wine it must be Grenache
Sunday, January 17, 2010
vin jaune
vin jaune is a white wine from Jura. it can be made anywhere in Jura, but it mostly comes from Arbois
in Chateau Chalon, all white wine must be Vin Jaune
100% Savagnin, fermented dry. It is then put into 225L wooden barrels that are at least 5 years old. The wine is left in these barrels for 6years and 3 months UNTOUCHED
The wine will lose 20% volume over this time and will develop a veil, or vouile
the vouile serves as anti-oxidant. protecting the wine from the air
the act of topping up barrels is referred to as 'ouillage' and vin jaune is subjected to 'pas ouillage'
the wine is bottled in a 62cl bottle called a clavlin. This is to represent the 20% loss of wine in the making.
If vin jaune is not bottled in a clavlin, but in a regular sized bottle, it must be called yellow jura wine
in Chateau Chalon, all white wine must be Vin Jaune
100% Savagnin, fermented dry. It is then put into 225L wooden barrels that are at least 5 years old. The wine is left in these barrels for 6years and 3 months UNTOUCHED
The wine will lose 20% volume over this time and will develop a veil, or vouile
the vouile serves as anti-oxidant. protecting the wine from the air
the act of topping up barrels is referred to as 'ouillage' and vin jaune is subjected to 'pas ouillage'
the wine is bottled in a 62cl bottle called a clavlin. This is to represent the 20% loss of wine in the making.
If vin jaune is not bottled in a clavlin, but in a regular sized bottle, it must be called yellow jura wine
Saturday, January 16, 2010
Jura
Jura has a specific different shaped bottle. similar to a burgundy bottle with squarer sides. They are embossed with the name Jura on them.
The soil in Jura is mostly made up of 'marne' or marlstone
Grey marlstone is best for trees but the red and blue marlstone are well suited for vines and give the wine an oilyness.
The soil in Jura is mostly made up of 'marne' or marlstone
Grey marlstone is best for trees but the red and blue marlstone are well suited for vines and give the wine an oilyness.
Jura Cremant
In Jura there are sparking wines, which like the rest of France outside of Champagne, are called 'Cremant'
They are made in 'methode traditional' using Chardonnay and Savagnin grown between 50 and 300m elevation.
The rules for making cremant are ruled by each individual AOC
A lot of winemakers will send out there still wines in bulk or 'vrac' and have these wines made sparkling.
Cremant in Jura must age minimum 9 months in bottle
They are made in 'methode traditional' using Chardonnay and Savagnin grown between 50 and 300m elevation.
The rules for making cremant are ruled by each individual AOC
A lot of winemakers will send out there still wines in bulk or 'vrac' and have these wines made sparkling.
Cremant in Jura must age minimum 9 months in bottle
Sunday, January 10, 2010
Bonnezeaux
Small appellation that nestles in the anjou region of France's loire Valley.
Located within the larger côteaux du layon appellation, Bonnezeaux is one of the two premier dessert wines from the Loire- quarts de chaume is the other. Both have grand cru status. The grapes used are chenin blanc which, in better years, are attacked by botrytis cinerea (noble rot). This mold produces shriveled, raisiny, intensely sweet grapes that in turn create rich, luscious wines.
The Chenin Blanc grape's naturally high acid content helps these wines age well-some for 20 years or more.
http://www.answers.com/topic/bonnezeaux-ac
Located within the larger côteaux du layon appellation, Bonnezeaux is one of the two premier dessert wines from the Loire- quarts de chaume is the other. Both have grand cru status. The grapes used are chenin blanc which, in better years, are attacked by botrytis cinerea (noble rot). This mold produces shriveled, raisiny, intensely sweet grapes that in turn create rich, luscious wines.
The Chenin Blanc grape's naturally high acid content helps these wines age well-some for 20 years or more.
http://www.answers.com/topic/bonnezeaux-ac
loire red wine
IN the eastern part of the Loire valley, the central vineyards grow pinot noir, of a usually bright and light quality, but without the complexity of a Burgundy
futher west, in Chinon, there is some fantastic >Cabernet Franc being produced. They also grow Gamay.
As well as in Samur, an area known for its Crement production
futher west, in Chinon, there is some fantastic >Cabernet Franc being produced. They also grow Gamay.
As well as in Samur, an area known for its Crement production
Loire valley - Central Vineyards
The eastern most part of the Loire is referred to as the central vineyards. not due to their location in the Loire, but their location in the center of France.
The central vineyards are located in the Burgundy department
In the central vineyards, Sauvignon Blanc rules, as the tuffeau soils are replaced with more silex, limestone and a band of kimmeridgian clay. For red grapes, Pinot Noir is the main varietal
The most well known are
Sancerre producing white, red, and rose
Pouilly only white
as well as
Reuilly White, red and rosé
Quincy White
Menetou Salon White, red and rosé
The central vineyards are located in the Burgundy department
In the central vineyards, Sauvignon Blanc rules, as the tuffeau soils are replaced with more silex, limestone and a band of kimmeridgian clay. For red grapes, Pinot Noir is the main varietal
The most well known are
Sancerre producing white, red, and rose
Pouilly only white
as well as
Reuilly White, red and rosé
Quincy White
Menetou Salon White, red and rosé
Tuesday, January 5, 2010
Tuffeau
The soil of the Loire valley is mostly made up of a vulcanized chalk called Tuffeau.
It is made up of the remains of bodies and fragments of rock brought down to the sea by rivers as silt.
Aged 90 million years, sediments deposited suffered a downturn that pressure, they were allowed to recrystallization and cementation.
The limestone is the result of this long and slow transformation of sediment into rock by cementing particles together fossils.
Google translation is funny.
It is made up of the remains of bodies and fragments of rock brought down to the sea by rivers as silt.
Aged 90 million years, sediments deposited suffered a downturn that pressure, they were allowed to recrystallization and cementation.
The limestone is the result of this long and slow transformation of sediment into rock by cementing particles together fossils.
Google translation is funny.
Loire River Valley
East of Muscadet, and west of the central vineyards, the Loire valley produces a majority of Chenin Blanc.
This grape has such complex acidty, interesting fruit, and complex body that it is very open to a winemakers hand. The Tuffeau or Tufa soil also plays a huge part.
It is produced sparkling in Saumur, where 80% of Loire Cremant comes from.
It is produced fruity, dry, with tons of minerality, around Tours, where it is commonly called Vins de Touraine, Loads of melon and grapefruit with a suggestion of sweetness, these wines are balanced with beautiful acidity and mineral, almost tin quality that cuts through that perceived sugar and leaves you refreshed.
It is also let to be affected with Botrytis in the Coteaux du Layon-Chaumes, where Sélection de Grains Nobles is employed to pick only the berries and bunches affected with the 'noble rot'.
Due to the proximity to the river in Chaumes, the vines will be affected naturally with Botrytis and this will cause the grapes to shrivel and the flavors inside to be concentrated. The harvest will be done in many trips or Trie, each time walking though, and only picking the botritis berries. It may take 6-12 Trie to finish the harvest, with the goal being 90-100% of picked berries having rot used in wine making.
Outside of Chaumes, in the more generic Coteaux du Layon, where botrytis isn't guaranteed, the farmers will employ Passe Raillage, a technique where the vein attaching the bunch of berries to vine is nicked or cut without removing the bunch.
This is done after verasion, and its purpose is to slow or stop the nutrient and water supply to the fruit. The stems and stalks attached to the berries will in turn draw water from the reserves inside the fruit, and serve to rasinate the berries while still on the vine. This isn't a fast process, and these berries may be affected with noble rot, and a Trie harvest picked on them, but in the generic AOC only 50-70% of the fruit will be botrytis affected.
This grape has such complex acidty, interesting fruit, and complex body that it is very open to a winemakers hand. The Tuffeau or Tufa soil also plays a huge part.
It is produced sparkling in Saumur, where 80% of Loire Cremant comes from.
It is produced fruity, dry, with tons of minerality, around Tours, where it is commonly called Vins de Touraine, Loads of melon and grapefruit with a suggestion of sweetness, these wines are balanced with beautiful acidity and mineral, almost tin quality that cuts through that perceived sugar and leaves you refreshed.
It is also let to be affected with Botrytis in the Coteaux du Layon-Chaumes, where Sélection de Grains Nobles is employed to pick only the berries and bunches affected with the 'noble rot'.
Due to the proximity to the river in Chaumes, the vines will be affected naturally with Botrytis and this will cause the grapes to shrivel and the flavors inside to be concentrated. The harvest will be done in many trips or Trie, each time walking though, and only picking the botritis berries. It may take 6-12 Trie to finish the harvest, with the goal being 90-100% of picked berries having rot used in wine making.
Outside of Chaumes, in the more generic Coteaux du Layon, where botrytis isn't guaranteed, the farmers will employ Passe Raillage, a technique where the vein attaching the bunch of berries to vine is nicked or cut without removing the bunch.
This is done after verasion, and its purpose is to slow or stop the nutrient and water supply to the fruit. The stems and stalks attached to the berries will in turn draw water from the reserves inside the fruit, and serve to rasinate the berries while still on the vine. This isn't a fast process, and these berries may be affected with noble rot, and a Trie harvest picked on them, but in the generic AOC only 50-70% of the fruit will be botrytis affected.
Muscadet
Starting in the east, on the atlantic coast in Brittany, we have the mouth of the Loire estuary, and Muscadet.
Muscadet wines are made from the Melon de Bourgogne grape.
Muscadet has three AOC levels
Muscadet AOC
Muscadet-Sur Lie AOC
- wines that have been aged on the lees over the winter
Muscadet-Sevre et Marne-Sur Lie AOC
- wines further inland in the Sevre and Marne river valleys. also aged on lees.
Muscadet wines are made from the Melon de Bourgogne grape.
Muscadet has three AOC levels
Muscadet AOC
Muscadet-Sur Lie AOC
- wines that have been aged on the lees over the winter
Muscadet-Sevre et Marne-Sur Lie AOC
- wines further inland in the Sevre and Marne river valleys. also aged on lees.
Thoughts on burgundy
So i def got my ass kicked by the Burgundy test last night, Village names, and GC's and 1er C's in the different regions are so such a clusterfuck. I do feel good about the overall knowledge, but man, the named places are a bitch
Monday, January 4, 2010
Cote de D'Or - Villages
Cote de Nuit - north to south
Gevry-Chambertin
Vouget
Vosne-Romanee
Nuit St George
Cote de Beaune - north to south
Aloxe-Corton
Pommard
Volnay
Mersault
Chassagne-Montrachet
Gevry-Chambertin
Vouget
Vosne-Romanee
Nuit St George
Cote de Beaune - north to south
Aloxe-Corton
Pommard
Volnay
Mersault
Chassagne-Montrachet
beaujolais crus
brouilly
cote de brouilly
chenas
chiroubles
fleurie
julienas
morgon
moulin a vent
regnie
st amour
cote de brouilly
chenas
chiroubles
fleurie
julienas
morgon
moulin a vent
regnie
st amour
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